张朝富,李懿,乔国强,邓华,田文智,高艳菲

　　满洲里出入境检验检疫局, 内蒙古 满洲里 021400

　　摘要:目的   了解中俄西部边境(中国内蒙古满洲里-俄罗斯后贝加尔斯克)地区鼠类及其携带蚤类情况,为进一步掌握鼠疫宿主动物和媒介的演变规律提供数据。方法   2008-2012年,每年8、9月对满洲里和后贝加尔斯克地区采用夹日法和夹夜法捕鼠, 对捕获的各种鼠类进行疏蚤, 对鼠类及其携带的蚤分类鉴定,并进行病原检测。结果   中方满洲里地区捕获鼠类249只,经鉴定隶属于2目6科8属8种,蚤类3科8属13种。优势鼠种为达乌尔黄鼠,优势蚤类为方形黄鼠蚤、光亮额蚤。达乌尔黄鼠的染蚤率(98.46%)及染蚤指数(12.66)最高,其次是五趾跳鼠(12.50、90.00%)。俄方后贝加尔斯克地区捕获鼠类324只,经鉴定隶属于2目6科8属9种,蚤类3科11属13种。优势鼠种为达乌尔黄鼠。优势蚤类为方形黄鼠蚤、光亮额蚤。达乌尔黄鼠的染蚤指数最高(5.86),其次是黑线仓鼠(2.05)。五趾跳鼠的染蚤率最高(100%), 其次是达乌尔黄鼠(71.43%)。结论  中俄满洲里-后贝加尔斯克地区鼠类及携带蚤类构成不同, 鼠类染蚤指数及染蚤率均有所不同, 中俄双方鼠类中存在汉坦病毒感染。

　　关键词:鼠类; 蚤类; 中俄; 边境; 调查

　　中图分类号:R184.35   文献标识码:B

　　Investigation on species of murine and carried fleas near theSino-Russian western border

　　ZHANG Chao-fu, LI Yi, QIAO Guo-qiang, DENG Hua, TIAN Wen-zhi, GAOYan-fei

　　Manzhouli Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Manzhouli,Inner Mongolia  021400, China

　　Abstract:   Objective   To get a better understandingof evolution regularity of plague host animals and vectors base onspecies of mice and fleas near the Sino-Russian border (Manzhouli,China and Zabaikalsk, Russia).   Methods   From 2008 to2012, Day trapping and Night trapping were used to catch mice atthe areas of Manzhouli and Zabaikalsk in August and September everyyear. Then mice and fleas collected from mice were classified andused to do pathogen detection.   Results  A total of 249mice were caught at the area of Manzhouli, and identified as 2orders 6 families 8 genera 8 species. Flea were classified as 3families 8 genera 13 species.The dominant species of mouse and fleawere Spermophvlus dauricus, Citellophilus tesquorum andFrontopsylla luculenta. The flea-carrying rate (98.46)and fleaindex(12.66%) of S. dauricus was highest, then Allactaga sibirica.At the area of Zabaikalsk, totally 324 mice were caught, andindentified as 2 orders 6 families 8 genera 9 species. Flea weresubjected to 3 families 11 genera 13 species. The dominant speciesof mouse and flea was Spermophvlus dauricus. The flea index of S.dauricus (5.86) was more than others, Cricetulus Barabensis was inthe second place. The flea-carrying rate of A. sibirica (100%) wasthe highest, then S. dauricus.   Conclusion   Speciescomposition of mice and fleas is different between areas ofManzhouli and Zabaikalsk, also the flea-carrying rate and fleaindex. And the results of pathogen detection show that mice both inChina and Russia were infected by Hantavirus.

　　Key words:   Mouse; Flea; Sino-Russian; Border;Investigation《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年2期